3 Modes of appeal:

• Logos
• Ethos
• Pathos

Logos: Logic. The use of statistic facts, figures or statistics. This bolsters your speech with the power of truth. Your audience are not able to dismiss it as opinion. Proves your knowledge, allows your audience to learn, backs up your demonstration.

Ethos: Authority/Ethics. By using an ethical appeal, you are trying to appeal to your author/speakers credibility. This can be especially powerful as by establishing authority allows the speaker to appear as an expert. This makes your audience more likely to listen to what you have to say. Audience engages, know what you’re doing, won’t believe you without it, jargon. Include successful people. Done through the use of specific language, word choices directly related to the topic or referring to notable figures within the area. This increases the power of your speech with the weight of importance. Your audience are encouraged to listen because you are shown to have authority on the subject.

Pathos: Emotional. Using specific language, “charged” words, tone and anecdotes to create an emotional response. This increases the power of your speech with the impact of emotional investment. Your audience are encouraged to listen because they connect with the content on a personal level. Empathy, more likely to believe, emotional connection equals relatability.

Structure

You need to have a logical progression to your speech. One point needs to flow into the next so that your audience is able to fully understand your demonstration.

Start with your introduction: how will you greet and engage your audience? What is your activity? Why did you decide to present this activity?

It is important to start off by grabbing your audiences attention immediately. You can do this many ways. Start by giving your audience a command, open with a joke, tell them a story or ask them a question.

Now you have outlined your topic it is time to get into the demonstration. What are the things your audience needs to know? Work through each step ensuring enough detail is given. How are you continuing to engage your audience?

You will need to have a demonstration of whatever it is you are discussing. After you have demonstrated your topic it is time to wrap up. You need to think about what you want to leave your audience with.

Think about: What are the points you need to reinforce? How will you make this memorable for your audience? Have you made it so the audience can do it themselves? How will you conclude and thank your audience?

Some techniques to think about using:

• Rhetorical questions
• Directly speaking to the audience
• Personal pronouns
• Figurative language
• Repetition
• Humour
• Analogy

Memory

One method of remembering your speech is to write your speech out in full and practice it a few times. Go back to your script and delete the last sentence/few words of each perspective and practice again. Continue to steadily delete parts of your speech until you are only left with the first few words. Now you are left with a list of bullet points which serve to prompt your speech moving forward.

Another powerful and effective strategy is to just practice, practice, practice. Doing the same speech over and over again will help push the speech into your long-term memory.

You can try recording yourself so that you can listen back to your speech to help connect it to another sense. Give your script to another person and ask them to interrupt you if you struggle to find your words.

Another more obscure technique is to connect information to location. When you are talking about a specific piece of information, connect it to a specific chair in the room. Now every time you look at that chair you will remember that piece of info.

Techniques

Eye contact: Easiest to understand but one of the hardest to get comfortable with. Spread the eye contact around, don’t just focus on 1 or 2 people.

Posture: This refers to how you hold yourself. Do stand confidently on both feet and stand up straight and look up. Don’t look at the ground, hold your hands in front of yourself or fold your arms. Don’t shuffle back and forth on your feet.

Voice Control: This is all about how clearly you speak. Practicing tongue twisters can help. There is a massive difference between shouting and projecting! The secret to projection is in the breath. The more breath you have the louder you can project.